Abstract: Argentina is one of the main regions for Chinese enterprises conducting international mining investment cooperation, owing to its favorable geological conditions for mineralization and abundant strategic mineral resources. Major mineral resources such as lithium, copper, gold, and silver are concentrated in Western Argentina, which forms an important part of the Andean Metallogenic Belt. Research on exploration, development, and mining policy is of great significance for deepening future bilateral mining investment cooperation between China and Argentina. The findings show that investment in solid mineral exploration—over 90% of which is directed toward lithium, copper, gold, and silver—has rebounded from a low point and has maintained significant growth since 2015. In 2025, mineral exploration investment reaches 430.8 million, ranking 7th globally and 3rd in South America. This investment is primarily made by junior exploration companies and focuses on late-stage and feasibility projects. The development of lithium, gold, and silver remains active, and lithium output has grown rapidly since 2015. Lithium carbonate equivalent （LCE） production reaches 138 100 tons, ranking 3rd globally. Although the only copper project in production has been shut down due to environmental issues, Argentina shows great potential for future copper development, with nine copper projects in the northwest having a combined annual design capacity of 1.3 million tons. Mining management functions are jointly carried out by the federal government and provincial governments. The mining investment environment continues to improve, with low mining taxes and recent revisions to mining-related laws and regulations. Through these policy adjustments, the Argentine government has initially achieved its goal of significantly increasing lithium production and continues to promote the localized development of the entire lithium industry chain. Chinese enterprises should coordinate upstream and downstream in the lithium industry chain, cooperate with third-party and local Argentine mining companies, and actively invest in downstream lithium businesses. At the same time, they should pay close attention to trends in mining policy adjustments to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests.