Abstract: The construction of green mines is an effective practice in the mining field to implement the concept that “lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets”. This paper focuses on reviewing the development process of China’s green mine construction in four stages: local exploration, pilot demonstration, accelerating construction, and comprehensive construction. It analyzes and summarizes the logical connotation of green mine construction, which takes the green and low-carbon transformation and development of mining industry as the goal, the efficient utilization of resources as the core, the ecological environmental protection and governance of mining area as the important content, scientific and technological innovation as the endogenous power, and the harmonious development of mining area as the distinctive feature. Combined with the quantitative analysis of green mine construction and the current situation, it summarizes the phased progress and effectiveness of green mine construction standard policy system establishment and improvement, orderly promoting the green development of mining industry, continuously improving the harmonious relationship between mining area and local communities, and gradually affecting the green development of mining industry in the world. It also considers the legal basis and development direction of China’s green mine construction under the new situation, at present, the construction of green mines has become a legal requirement. In the future, the requirements for the construction of green mines will be written into the implementation regulations of the mining law, the specialized management systems will be further improved, the standard system will be increasingly improved, and the incentive and support policies will gradually make a substantive breakthrough. The paper also summarizes some typical cases of green mines with different minerals. Through the construction of green mines, it will promote the high-quality development of China’s mining industry and form a new model of green mining development that is resource-conserving, environment-friendly and efficiency-increasing. The relevant content will provide beneficial reference for the management department to explore and improve the management system and the mining enterprises to carry out green mine construction.