Abstract: Mine blasting efficiency is a key factor affecting the overall benefits and operational safety of mine production, and complex dynamic relationships exist among its sub-processes. At present, methods commonly used in mining enterprises, such as fuzzy evaluation, analytic hierarchy process, and BP neural network, struggle to capture the dynamic feedback mechanism of the system and lack systematic control over the entire blasting cycle as well as analysis of the collaborative effects of multiple technologies. Therefore, the system dynamics modeling method in management science is applied to the mining field. This model integrates qualitative and quantitative analyses and is suitable for complex network relationships. A system dynamics model for mine blasting efficiency is constructed. A comprehensive analysis is conducted on 70 influencing factors of the mine blasting efficiency system from four dimensions: safety factors, machinery and equipment, material management, and operating methods. The validity of the model is verified based on historical data of blasting processes in a specific mine from 2014 to 2024, and Vensim software is used to predict blasting efficiency under adjustments of different process parameters. The results show that: under the baseline scenario, mine blasting efficiency presents a fluctuating upward trend; in the single-factor scenario, the safety subsystem exerts the most significant impact on blasting efficiency, among which the fluctuation of safety training frequency is particularly prominent—when the safety training frequency is increased by 10%, mine blasting efficiency is 3.31% higher than that in the baseline scenario and increases year by year; in the comprehensive multi-factor scenario, the synergistic effect between the safety subsystem and the machinery and equipment subsystem significantly promotes blasting efficiency. When both the safety training frequency and the ratio of informatization investment are increased by 10%, mine blasting efficiency is 6.39% higher than that in the baseline scenario and continues to increase year by year. This study clarifies the interaction relationships among processes and their impacts on mine blasting efficiency, and verifies the applicability of the system dynamics model for mine blasting efficiency in the mining field.