Abstract: The reform of property rights system of natural resources assets is the first of “four beams and eight pillars” in the reform of ecological civilization system, which is also an important measure to improve the socialist economic system and build a beautiful China.The paper reviews the reform process, main achievements and current problems of the property rights system of natural resources assets, and puts forward the key points and directions of the next reform from the rights confirmation registration, management system, rights system, property rights protection and property rights supervision.Finally, the authors put forward the policies of deepening the reform of the property rights system from the aspects of theoretical research, legal policies, technical standards, data platforms, etc.