Abstract: This article is witnessed to retrieve the land surface temperature (LST) in Laojunmiao coal fire area in Xinjiang by using the Monowindow method with images of Landsat 5 and 8/OLI taken in July 26th，2006，July 21th，2010 and July 20th，2015，respectively.The results showed that the highest value of LST was 46.19 ℃ in 2015，while the lowest of that was 26.47 ℃ in 2006.The mean LST had increasing trend.Variation coefficients of 2006 and 2010 were lower than 0.1 belonged slight variation，while that of 2015 was 0.12 belonged moderate variation showing that LST was subjected to human disturbance over time.The variation ranges of each year was 5.38 ℃，8.37 ℃ and 14.88 ℃，respectively，indicating that LST distribution was changed over time that affected by the changes of some factors.The result of monitoring coal fire was that the increasing rate of underground fire area between 2006 and 2015 was 25.72%，which was intensifying year after year.If things continue this way，coal lost issues will be more serious.