Abstract: Based on the mineral resources consumption from 1998 to 2015, the paper estimates the decoupling index of mineral resources consumption and economic growth in China, and analyzes quantitatively the decoupling condition and time evolution rule of them.Research indicates:11 major mineral resources consumption increased first and then decreased in China, reaching its peak in 2014; the optimization effect of consumption structure is remarkable, the proportion of natural gas, metal and nonmetal increased substantially; mineral resources consumption and economic growth is not decoupled in 2003, 2004, 2005, 2009, 2011, absolute decoupling in 2015, the other 12 years in the relative decoupling, and the overall efficiency of resource use is relatively high, but the economic development has not been out of dependence on mineral resources; the decoupling index can be divided into three stages, rapid decline, rapid increase and steady rise from 1998 to 2015, and economic growth and consumption of mineral resources have been changed from non-decoupling to relative decoupling, present initially the development trend of absolute decoupling.