Abstract: South Africa is an important country in the Belt and Road Initiative.The coal proven reserves in South Africa is 30.156 billion tons, all of them are anthracite and bituminous coal with good quality.South Africa is a traditional coal producing country with a mature coal industry system, complete infrastructure and a mature coal market, making it an ideal target country for Chinese coal enterprises.In Ellisras coal field, the proven reserves reached 3 317 million tonnes, and its developed level is low.Chinese coal enterprises could cooperate with local coal producer to mine the coal resources, build mine-mouth power plant, and send the electricity to neighboring Botswana.Tuli coalfields have high-quality coking coal resources, and Chinese coal companies can invest in early exploration, acquire tenements at lower costs, and export coking coal through Maputo port in Mozambique.In specific investment practice, Chinese enterprises can participate in coal resources development through pre-exploration, cooperative development, financial investment and other flexible ways, which could effectively reduce the investment risk.