Abstract: Coal industry is a pillar industry in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the development of coal enterprises has very important significance to the economy of Inner Mongolia.The analysis shows that the coal enterprises in Inner Mongolia are facing some new development situations.Firstly, the contradiction between supply and demand is prominent, and the pressure of excess capacity is enormous; secondly, the traditional economic development model is unsustainable, and industrial upgrading is urgently needed; thirdly, the production cost of coal enterprises continues to rise, and the profitability is reduced.Faced with the new development situation, based on data envelopment analysis(DEA), this paper makes an in-depth analysis of the investment efficiency of coal enterprises in Inner Mongolia, explores their own shortcomings, and puts forward the development strategy of coal production enterprises by comparing with leading enterprises in the industry.The authors think that the investment efficiency of Inner Mongolia coal production enterprises is relatively good, scale efficiency dominates, but technical efficiency is insufficient and business operations are relatively single.In the future, Inner Mongolia coal production enterprises should strive to improve management and production technology, expand the scope of investment, and implement diversified development strategy.