Abstract: The Islamic Republic of Mauritania is rich in mineral resources, such as iron, copper and gold, iron ore reserves rank second in Africa, which are urgently needed and in short supply in China.The geological work degree of Mauritania is very low, most of them have not been explored, but its resource base is relatively good.This paper analyzes the metallogenic geological background and resource endowment of Mauritanian, and the mining exploration development focused on copper, iron, gold, metal mineral exploration into the status of falling since 2012, the mining investment environment and risk in Mauritania.The countermeasures and suggestions for Chinese mining enterprises to invest in mining industry in Mauritania are put forward.