Abstract: Under the background of the construction of ecological civilization and hard constraint of the "three red lines", the contradiction between the development of mineral resources and ecological environmental protection is very prominent.The root of the contradiction lies in the misunderstanding of the environmental impact of mineral resources exploration and development, and the incorrect understanding of ecological civilization construction and the "three red lines".The development of economy or exploitation of mineral resources is a major national interest, and environmental protection is also a major national interest.Although, there is a contradiction between the two, the overall goal is the same.Both are to meet the needs of the people for a better life and to realize the two centenary Chinese dreams.To solve the contradiction, we must, on the national economic security, carry out the idea of equal emphasis on development and protection, with developing in protection and protecting in development.In practice, according to the environmental impact caused by different types of mineral resources development, we should implement policies by category, establish high standard "mineral resources reserves" within protected areas and the "three red lines", adopt green development technology and strengthen development supervision.