Abstract: Mineral resources and land resources are both important natural resources, but due to the conflict in the design of the ownership system of mining land, the separation of the owner of mineral resources and the owner of land resources.The lack of property rights protection for mining land, unclear responsibility for the repair of abandoned minerals, and the slow development of land reclamation have caused a series of problems.Through the analysis of the contradiction phenomenon of mine land in China, the paper points out the conflict form between mineral resources and land resources protection.On the basis of the advanced experience of mineral land regulation in developed countries in Europe and America, the author draws lessons from the property rights system and the land reclamation deposit system.Finally, some suggestions are put forward to improve the system of mining land use in China, so as to solve the existing problems of mining land use, and better promote the protection of mineral resources, land resources and economic development.