Abstract: Since the 18th CPC national congress, the provincial and regional geological and mineral resource bureaus have accelerated the transformation into enterprise.In new era, the state-owned geological and mineral enterprises that were born out of institution system have to gain a foothold in the fierce market competition and make up and strengthen weaknesses according to corporate mechanisms.Human resources development and management is a weakness, and need to be improved.From the perspectives of the history, reality, present and future of the state-owned geological and mineral units, and based on the analysis and thinking of the importance and urgency of human resources development and management for geological and mineral enterprises, and the main problems of human resources development and management, this article proposes that human resources planning must be closely linked to the strategic goals of the enterprise.It is advised that the shortcomings of human resource development and management of geological and mineral enterprises must be quickly improved by focusing on the career management of employees and human resource management innovation and sustainable development.