Abstract: As an energy source, coal plays an important supporting role in the development of the national economy.The research on the bearing capacity of mineral resources in China is relatively early, but due to the different emphasis, the research on the bearing capacity of coal resources affected by the environment is very weak.According to the richness, extensiveness and imbalance of China’s coal resources, this paper constructs the national coal resource bearing capacity evaluation index system by using the existing research results, and divides the index evaluation criteria, using the background and state evaluation technology.The method is to carry out the background and state evaluation of coal mine resources.On the basis of completing the evaluation of the bearing background and bearing status, the background and state joint evaluation are carried out, that is, the evaluation of coal mine resource bearing capacity is carried out.It is concluded that the background of coal resources bearing in China is mostly in the third(intermediate) level, and the Pro index is between 0.4% and 3%.The Pro index of Yunnan province is 1.85%, Gansu province is 1.77%, and Sichuan province is 0.68%.The natural endowment of coal resources in the whole country is good and reserves are abundant; the bearing state is mostly in the second (equilibrium).The MDI index of Liaoning province is 68.29, Shanxi province 62.72 and Yunnan province 60.21.Under the current economic and technological conditions, the national regional coal resources are more suitable for development and utilization.The bearing capacity of coal resources in China is mostly in IV(smaller) level, indicating that the bearing capacity of coal resources to the economy is low.Individual provinces should complete industrial transformation as soon as possible.