Abstract: Petroleum resource assets are the important part of mineral resources assets.It is of great practical significance to estimate the economic value of petroleum resources assets.According to the characteristics of China’s oil resources, combined with previous studies, the authors analyze the idea and method of economic value estimation of petroleum resources assets in China from two stages of paid acquisition of mining rights and paid exploitation.The calculation method of paid acquisition stage adopts the market benchmark price of mining rights transfer multiplied by the corresponding mining area and adjustment coefficient.The “net price method” is used to estimate the wellhead price of crude oil multiplied by the corresponding proven technical recoverable reserves, minus the cost and then multiplied by the industry yield.At the same time, according to the differences between the theoretical and practical estimation results in the paid acquisition stage and the difficulty in obtaining part of the data in the paid mining stage, the relevant suggestions are put forward.One is to establish a price system for economic value estimation; the second is to adjust the target unit to improve the accuracy of estimation results; the third is that the government should adjust and control the price of domestic crude oil to reduce the impact of international oil price fluctuation on domestic crude oil price.