Abstract: The compensated acquisition system of mining rights is implemented in China.The royalty system of oil and gas mining rights has not been changed since 1998, when the standards and payment modes of royalty for mining rights are stipulated.In 2017, the state council issued the reform plan of mineral resources equity fund system, which mentioned the integration of royalties into occupation fees in the link of mining right possession.Through sorting out the current situation of the royalty collection for oil and gas mining rights in China, this paper analyzes the existing problems of the royalty system for oil and gas mining rights in collection standard, collection method, exemption, et al, finally puts forward some policy suggestions on the reform of the royalty system for oil and gas mining rights in China:scientific design of the standards and principles for the collection of oil and gas occupation fees; detailed and clear provisions on the collection of occupation fees; the establishment of comprehensive and detailed operational reduction policies; classified treatment, the supporting system establishment for the reform of occupation fees system.