Abstract: The natural resources balance sheet is firstly proposed by China, which consists of a series of statistical reports of natural resources data.It can clearly reflect the status of natural resources assets and liabilities which can be investigated and counted in a certain period of time.The study of natural resources balance sheet is of great significance for perfecting the management system of natural resources in China.Therefore, the CPC Central Committee attaches great importance to the study of natural resources balance sheet, and emphasizes the practice and deepening of theoretical research results.At present, China has made great progress in the theoretical research and practical application of natural resources balance sheet, and the research difficulties mainly focus on the accounting methods of natural resource assets and liabilities.In order to solve this problem, this paper summarizes the development of natural resource accounting at home and abroad, and summarizes the accounting methods of physical and value in compiling the natural resources balance sheet in the pilot areas.On this basis, the paper puts forward some feasible suggestions on the research direction of natural resources accounting method in the future, hoping to provide help for compiling the natural resources balance sheet in China.