Abstract: The distribution and production of phosphate mineral resources in China are concentrated in Hubei, Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan and Hunan in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.This paper analyzes the features of the Yangtze River Economic Belt of phosphate rock resources distribution, reserves, the current production base of phosphate rock, phosphorous chemical industry present situation, the phosphorus gypsum utilization and ecological environment problems.The results show that the Yangtze River Economic Belt has rich reserves and concentrated distribution of phosphate ore resources, mainly large and medium-sized sedimentary deposits, low average grade, less rich ore, underground mining and complex ore processing.Yangtze River Economic Belt has formed 8 phosphate ore production bases in Yichang city, Hubei province, and formed a modern phosphorous chemical industry system based on phosphate compound fertilizer.The comprehensive utilization of phosphogypsum needs to be further improved.Facing mining area conflict with natural reserve, phosphorus chemical industry caused total phosphorus pollution is serious, phosphogypsum large in amount and low utilization of ecological environment problems.This paper puts forward the promoting green mine construction, the development of circular economy and explore the countermeasures such as ecological restoration mechanisms, so as to promote coordinated development of exploitation and utilization of phosphate rock resources and ecological protection.