Abstract: Achieving a carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060 has become a major national strategy.Coal is China's long-term basic energy, the development and utilization of coal is also the main source of greenhouse gas emissions in China.It is of great practical significance to explore the development and transition of coal industry in China under the background of carbon neutrality.This study starts with the coal industry macroscopic development environment, on the basis of systematic analysis of the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and challenges of China's coal industry development in the medium and long term, investigates the 2021-2030, 2031-2050 and 2051-2060 three different stages of development trend of coal and positioning, and puts forward corresponding development strategies, such as adhering to clean and efficient low-carbon utilization, strengthening carbon emission reduction technology research and development and carbon sink capacity building, and highlighting the raw material properties of coal resources and diversified industrial transformation.It also gives some specific suggestions on strengthening top-level design, clarifying emission reduction path, guiding enterprise transition, science and technology and talent guarantee.