Abstract: Natural gas is an important energy for China to peak carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060, but the issue with methane emissions runs throughout the entire supply chain of natural gas.The effectiveness of methane emission control will then affect the status of natural gas in China's modern clean energy system and its role in the energy transition.This paper starts with the characteristics of fugitive methane emissions in the natural gas industry, analyzes the methods for compiling the inventory of methane emissions from natural gas system, and summarizes the methane emission measurement and control technologies.Critical scientific issues with methane emission controls in China's natural gas industry are identified as follows:the design of top-level system and policy tools on methane emission reduction; the systematic construction of space-air-terrestrial integrated methane emission measurement technologies; the development of multi-scale and multi-level methane emission inventory database and information platform; and the R& D and engineering demonstration of methane emission reduction technologies with the entire industry chain.Corresponding countermeasures are provided for the governments, natural gas industry and enterprises to strengthen the controls of natural gas-related methane emissions in China.