Abstract: The ecological compensation of soil and water conservation is based on the ecological service function of soil and water conservation.Considering the influence of oil and gas exploitation on the value of ecological service function of soil and water conservation, it is suggested that the compensation fee for soil and water conservation should be collected based on the oil and gas production instead of the occupied land area and the ecological compensation standard of soil and water conservation should be redefined.The ecological value evaluation method shall be applied to evaluate the ecological service value of soil and water conservation per unit in six provinces of typical oil and gas producing areas in China, including soil conservation, water conservation, carbon fixation and oxygen production, air purification, biodiversity maintenance and crop supply.Based on these data to estimate the loss or decrease of ecological service functions of permanent land occupation, temporary land occupation and landing crude oil so as to obtain the ecological service function value of soil and water conservation with unit oil and gas production loss during oil and gas exploitation.The estimation results will fully reflect the loss of ecological service function of soil and water conservation caused by oil and gas exploitation so that the compensation standard will be within a reasonable range.