Abstract: The oil and gas resource management mode in China includes the management of mining rights and the exploitation activities.This research reviews the current status of China's oil and gas mining rights management system and administrative permits of exploitation activities, collects oil and gas resource management experiences and models in developed countries.According to the above analysis the paper puts forward some problems on the existing management models, such as the mining rights license and administrative license, the expired mining rights license, and the independent examination and approval of various departments which have led to low administrative efficiency.Based on the existing problems the management mode of "mining right registration + contract management + various administrative licenses" is put forward, and four safeguard measures are as follows.From the management perspective, promote the service-oriented approval of mining rights and properly resolve the mining rights and administrative licenses; from the technical point of view, uses "Internet+" to promote information sharing; from the term of policy mechanism clarify administrative approval matters and establish suitable management mode of oil and gas exploration and production mode; from the direction of reform, strengthen supervision in and after the event, and resolve various forms of escrow.