Abstract: Resource-based cities are faced with economic, social and ecological environment development problems, which restrict their transformation and upgrading.Strengthening the vulnerability assessment research of resource-based cities is conducive to the comprehensive assessment of the practical difficulties faced by their development.The reasonable and effective early warning mechanism provides the basis for the adjustment of its development direction.The vulnerability assessment index system of resource-based cities is constructed and TOPSIS model is used to comprehensively evaluate it in this paper.This paper carries out an empirical study of Shanxi province to explore preliminarily on the specific measures of its early warning mechanism from the early stage to the medium and long term based on the vulnerability assessment results and the actual situation of resource-based cities, which provides theoretical support for the establishment of the early warning mechanism and has practical significance.