Abstract: Mineral resources are the material basis of national economic and social development.Mineral resources security is an important non-traditional security field in the national security system in the new era.Therefore, we must guard against strategic and subversive mistakes.Based on China's historical development and actual national conditions, this paper combs the three development stages of China's natural resources security concept and its characteristics of the times, and points out that the current situation of China's mineral resources security tends to be complex and severe, and the domestic important mineral resources industry chain and supply chain are still facing problems such as limited core technology and structural shortage, and the rights and interests of international mineral resources are influenced by trade protectionism and contained by hegemonism.According to the strategic measures and practical experience of mineral resources security in the world, this paper puts forward that China should implement the mineral resources security strategy driven by industrial chain and supply chain with the support of scientific and technological self-reliance.In order to prevent and resist the risk of China's mineral resources security, we should strengthen the domestic geological prospecting, build the circular economy industrial chain of mineral resources, improve the national strategic mineral resources reserve system, expand the international mineral resources market, and attach importance to the monitoring and early warning of mineral resources security.