Abstract: The goal of carbon peak and carbon neutral is a major strategic decision which is put forward by the Party Central Committee and the State Council after reviewing the situation.It is a revolutionary change in China's energy industry, which will have the profound impact on the global energy supply and demand pattern and point out the direction for the future development of China's energy minerals.As the world's largest energy producer and consumer, China is rich in coal resources and the independent supply capacity of oil, natural gas, uranium and other energy minerals is insufficient.Energy minerals will still occupy a dominant position in China's primary energy consumption for a long time to come in the future.Affected by factors such as resource endowment, industrialization development stage, and coal-based energy consumption structure, China's commitment to achieving the goal of carbon neutral is even more daunting than in developed countries.Through combing the current status of China's energy mineral development, and the background of carbon peak and carbon neutral goal, this paper preliminarily predicts that China's fossil energy consumption will reach a peak of about 4.5 billion tons of standard coal before 2030, and that non-fossil energy consumption will account about 85% of China's primary energy consumption in 2060.By looking forward to the development direction of coal, oil, natural gas and other energy minerals, relevant policy recommendations are put forward from three aspects:the first is to strengthen the top-level design of the development and utilization of domestic energy minerals; the second is to vigorously improve the independent supply capacity of domestic oil and gas resources; the third is to deal with the relationship between carbon peak, carbon neutral target constraints and energy security.