Abstract: In order to study the characteristics of rock burst in syncline structural area and how to prevent and control this type of rock burst, the relationship between microseismic activity and rock burst is studied by using microseismic spatial and temporal distribution map and energy density cloud chart on the No.1 face of Four level in the influence area of typical syncline structure in Xing'an coal mine.The results show that the temporal and spatial distribution of microseismic events before the impact can directly reflect the concentration area of microseismic events, but it is difficult to identify the evolution trend of microseismic events with time; the energy density has obvious nucleation characteristics and has obvious expansion around the nucleation area until a strong mine earthquake occurs at the edge of the nucleation area.The seismic wave velocity tomography technology can effectively identify the high stress area formed by syncline structure and implement large-diameter drilling and deep hole blasting measures for the coal seam in the high stress area.The microseismic activities caused by subsequent mining confirm the effectiveness of these stress relief measures.