Abstract: Oil and gas industry plays an important role of China’s energy system, so it is of great significance to evaluate the comprehensive efficiency of the upstream exploration of oil and gas industry.EROI focuses on net energy to measure the efficiency of energy exploitation; DEA uses the production frontier to compare the relative efficiency of each decision-making unit, and evaluates whether each decision-making unit is technically effective and scale effective.Based on the perspective of input-output, this paper innovatively combines the two methods to conduct a comprehensive analysis of China’s oil and gas production efficiency, and adjusts the decision-making of non-effective years.The results show that EROI is on the rise, and the growth rate has accelerated in recent years from 2003 to 2017; after 2015, the input-output decision of China’s oil and gas exploration industry has been relatively optimized.The results all prove that China’s oil and gas exploitation efficiency is constantly improving, and China’s oil and gas exploitation industry is in an optimistic development.The reason is related to the substantial increase of natural gas production, the decrease of unit direct energy consumption and the decrease of oil and gas exploration investment.In the future, natural gas will play a further role in promoting the total oil and gas production, and the investment related to exploration will also be further increased, so it is necessary to make reasonable planning and make effective use of industry investment in order to maintain a high level of exploration and development efficiency.