Abstract: Rock burst is one of the mine power disasters.With the increase of coal mining depth, rock burst accidents frequently cause a large number of personnel and property losses.In order to effectively prevent coal mine rock burst accidents and explore the mechanism of rock burst, experimental research on coal pillar rock burst is carried out based on the frictional sliding process between rock strata.The coal pillar model of weak interlayer is designed, and the digital speckle correlation method is used to observe the uniaxial compression process of the combined coal pillar.The evolution characteristics of combined coal pillar deformation field, the evolution process of interlayer displacement, and the evolution law of elastic deformation energy of independent coal pillar system under axial load are studied.The results show that the localized zone is formed preferentially in the weak layer structure, and the localized zone develops preferentially parallel to the loading direction and gradually expands throughout the weak intercalation; frictional sliding occurs at the interface of the rock layer in the coal pillar, which causes the shear deformation of the weak interlayer at the interface to reciprocate, reduce the friction coefficient, and increase the impact strength; at the moment of catastrophe, the elastic energy accumulated in the upper rock block is quickly released and acts on the weak interlayer to accelerate the destruction of the weak interlayer.