Abstract: Rock burst is a great threat to the safe and efficient production of coal mines, because of its complex mechanism, sudden occurrence and violent destruction.The research on the mechanism and prevention methods of rock burst disaster is still the long-term goal of rock burst disaster research in the future.Taking 8514 working face of Chenjiagou Coal Mine as the engineering background, the roadway deformation and dynamic instability mechanism under the action of in-situ stress and dynamic stress disturbance are simulated with the help of discrete element program UDEC.The response characteristics of roadways under dynamic loads are studied, and the influence of dynamic stress with different distances on roadway stability is analyzed.The research show that with the decreased distance of dynamic stress, the surrounding rock cracks expanded and penetrated more fully under the same dynamic loading strength, and when the cracks reached a certain degree, a dynamic rock burst is occurred.When the dynamic stress is 10 m and 20 m away from the roadway, the floor vibration velocity rised suddenly under the action of dynamic stress, and the roadway is found to be suddenly damaged.When the dynamic stress is 30 m from the top of the roadway, the vibration velocity of the roadway gradually attenuated and had a peak value.Compared with the dynamic stress of 10 m and 20 m, the damage of the roadway floor is significantly decreased.The roadway roof is slightly damaged, and the two sides of the roadway basically had no damage.When dynamic stress is 20 m away from the roadway roof, roadway floor had obvious deformation and damage after 0.25 s.It show that the stress in this area had a strong adjustment time before rock burst failure.The research results could further reveal the roadway rock burst mechanism under dynamic load, and had important practical significance for developing relevant anti-rock burst support technology and guiding safety production in coal mines.