Since the implementation of the Opinions on Several Matters Concerning the Promotion of Mineral Resources Management(Trial), it has had a great impact on the survival and development of state-owned oil companies in terms of opening the oil and gas exploration and exploitation market, promoting the competitive transfer of mining rights, adjusting the term of exploration rights, and increasing the withdrawal of blocks.On the basis of thorough understanding of the reform trend of oil and gas mining rights, deeply analyze the challenges faced by state-owned oil companies, to consider the direction of innovation of state-owned oil companies in mining rights evaluation, mining rights plan and management system, study and put forward suggestions on promoting the construction of oil and gas resource bases, speeding up the transfer of new oil and gas blocks, increasing the entry threshold for oil and gas mining rights holders, and canceling the exclusive right of foreign cooperation, so as to promote the reform of the oil and gas system, and to help the country's energy security.