基于PMF模型的五彩湾矿区土壤重金属污染空间分布与来源解析
Spatial distribution and source analysis of soil heavy metal pollution in Wucaiwan Mining Area based on PMF model
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摘要:
以新疆准东煤田五彩湾矿区周围土壤为研究目标，采集了100个表层土壤样本，采用地累积指数、潜在生态风险指数和综合风险指数对研究区土壤中Zn、Cu、Cr、Pb、Hg和As等6种重金属元素进行生态风险评估，并运用正定矩阵因子分析模型(PMF)解析土壤中6种重金属的来源和贡献率。研究结果表明：土壤中重金属Zn、Cu、Cr、Pb、Hg和As含量的平均值分别为69.60 mg/kg、23.42 mg/kg、59.15 mg/kg、22.37 mg/kg、0.033 mg/kg和6.71 mg/kg，含量浓度的大小为Zn> Cr> Cu> Pb> As> Hg，6种重金属元素平均值均未超过国家一级标准和国家二级标准，其中，Zn、Pb、Hg和As超出了新疆土壤背景值，分别超出了1.01倍、1.20倍、1.15倍和1.94倍；分析地累积指数大小可知，土壤中Zn、Cu、Cr、Hg和As元素处于轻微污染状态或未污染状态，Pb元素处于中高度污染状态；潜在生态风险指数结果显示：重金属Zn、Cu、Cr、Hg和As均未被污染，Pb处于强度风险状态；综合风险指数结果表明：Hg元素的综合风险指数为7 870.59，处于存在极高的风险状态，而其他5种重金属存在的潜在风险水平属于低水平轻微风险；正定矩阵因子分析模型(PMF)解析出该地区土壤中6种重金属元素的污染源为自然因素、工业排放、交通运输、燃煤源、大气降尘和人类活动，其贡献率分别为20%、14%、14%、22%、20%、10%。本研究结果将为干旱地区土壤重金属污染防治和预警提供科学依据和理论基础。
Abstract:The soil around Wucaiwan Mining Area in Jundong Coalfield, Xinjiang is studied, collecting the 100 soil samples are taken from soil surface.The assessment of the ecological risks of six heavy metals in soil by using soil accumulation index, potential ecological risk index and comprehensive risk index.The positive definite matrix factor analysis model(PMF) is used to analyze the sources and contribution rates of the six heavy metals in the soil.The research results show that the mean contents of heavy metals Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Hg and As in the soil are 69.60 mg/kg, 23.42 mg/kg, 59.15 mg/kg, 22.37 mg/kg, 0.033 mg/kg and 6.71 mg/kg.The orders of the concentrations of six heavy metals is Zn> Cr> Cu> Pb> As> Hg, the six heavy metals are not exceeded the national standards.Zn, Pb, Hg and As exceed the background values in Xinjiang, which are 1.01, 1.20, 1.15 and 1.94 times.The calculation of the geo-accumulation index results can be seen that Zn, Cu, Cr, Hg and As are slightly polluted or unpolluted, while Pb is in the medium-high polluted state.The results of potential ecological risk index show that heavy metals Zn, Cu, Cr, Hg and As are not polluted, while Pb is in a state of strong risk.The results of the comprehensive risk index show that the comprehensive risk index of Hg element is 7 870.59, which is in the state of extremely high risk, while the potential risk level of the other five heavy metals is low to slight risk.The positive definite matrix factor analysis model(PMF) analyzes that the pollution sources of 6 kinds of heavy metal elements in the soil are natural factor, industrial pollution, traffic emission, coal combustion, atmospheric dust fall and anthropogenic industrial activities, contribution rates of these pollution sources 20%, 14%, 14%, 22%, 20%, 10%.The research results will provide the scientific basis and technical support for monitoring and early warning of the arid region soil contamination.
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