Abstract: In recent years,Chinese government has continued to explore and liberalize the oil and gas exploration and development market,and has successively launched a series of new reform measures and methods,which have far-reaching impacts on China"s mineral resources and oil and gas industry.This paper analyzes the main challenges and development opportunities brought by the new policy to oil companies,and suggests that oil companies actively embrace the policy and actively seek changes and innovations.In order to achieve the development goal of protecting and expanding mining rights,three campaigns need to be strategically deployed,namely,the defense of strategic favorable areas,the attack of strategic breakthrough areas and the reserve war of strategic preparation areas.For the competent department of mineral rights in China,five suggestions are put forward,including expanding the boundary delimitation scope of the same sedimentary basin,strengthening the investment of mineral rights market,optimizing the bid evaluation method of mineral rights transfer,increasing the source channel of competitivetransfer block and optimizing the area setting of unconventional competitivetransfer block.It will effectively promote the high-quality development of China"s oil and gas industry and effectively ensure China"s energy security.