Abstract: the occurrence characteristics of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur in anthracite of Shanxi Yangmei No. 2 coal mine were analyzed by X-ray electron spectroscopy. The results show that the main forms of carbon in anthracite of Shanxi Yangmei No. 2 coal mine are aromatic carbon and fatty carbon, the content of carbon carbon single bond is the highest, accounting for 82.34%, anthracite has a large number of alkyl side chains, and ether oxygen and hydroxyl oxygen account for 82.51%. Nitrogen mainly exists in the form of organic nitrogen such as pyrrole nitrogen and pyridine nitrogen, most of which exist at the edge of coal molecules; The main forms of sulfur are organic sulfur. Thiophene, sulfone and sulfoxide account for 35.34% and 32.3% respectively, mercaptan and sulfide account for 3.39% and inorganic sulfur account for 25.97%.