Acid mine drainage(AMD) causes serious environmental pollution due to its high acidity,toxic metal content and sulfate content,prompting the development of many AMD prevention and treatment technologies.Therefore,AMD source prevention technology is the key technology to achieve “zero discharge at source” in AMD.Describes the formation mechanism and impact of AMD,introduces AMD prevention technology and its antioxidant mechanism on the effect,and discusses the challenges and opportunities of AMD prevention technology.Dry and wet cover technology,as mature AMD prevention technology has been applied in actual mine AMD prevention treatment,but the influence of environmental factors has restricted its further development.Fungicides in the experimental research phase,although the problem of high cost has been solved,but the toxicity of fungicides is still one of its drawbacks to be solved.Surface passivation technologies,although the abundance of passivation materials(organic,inorganic,composites,etc.) makes it the most promising in the development of AMD prevention technologies.However,most research on surface passivation technologies has focused on pure pyrite systems,and the stability and sustainability of complex environments is unknown.Overall,conditions such as low cost,long-term stable treatment effect,safety,and environmental protection are feasible directions for future research on prevention technologies.