国际原子能机构对天然放射性废物的管理与建议

    Management and suggestion of International Atomic Energy Agency on naturally occurring radioactive material waste

    • 摘要:

      开展国外天然放射性废物管理的调研,有助于科学制定我国伴生放射性矿辐射安全管理制度。国际原子能机构的管理体系中将天然放射性废物纳入放射性废物的范畴,但建议采用有别于传统放射性废物的监管方式。根据分类体系,除了豁免水平的废物外,天然放射性废物绝大部分属于极低放废物和低放废物的范畴,很小部分属于中放废物的范畴。天然放射性废物处置方式包括地表或近地表处置等,处置相关要求应考虑化学物质和重金属等非放射性物质因素。为达到管理天然放射性废物的目的,改变已有制度是值得尝试的。结合国际原子能机构的管理要求,提出了我国伴生放射性废物的管理建议,包括探索废物分类思路,将伴生放射性废物纳入极低放废物、低放废物、中放废物范畴;优化废物处置方式,研究利用其他废物填埋处置设施处置伴生放射性废物的可行性;完善废物管理制度,做好对伴生放射性废物产生、运输、处置、监护的全周期管理。

       

      Abstract:

      Investigating the management of naturally occurring radioactive material waste abroad can help to scientifically formulate radiation safety management system for associated radioactive mines in China.Naturally occurring radioactive material waste is part of radioactive waste in management system of International Atomic Energy Agency.It is recommended to use the supervisory method different from traditional radioactive waste.According to the classification system,when the exempt waste is not considered,the vast majority of naturally occurring radioactive material waste belongs to very low level waste and low level waste,and a few belongs to intermediate level waste.Naturally occurring radioactive material waste disposal methods include surface disposal,near surface disposal,etc.Factors such as chemicals and heavy metals should be considered for disposal requirements.In order to manage naturally occurring radioactive material waste,it is worth trying to change the existing system.Combined with the management requirements of International Atomic Energy Agency,the management suggestions for other radioactive waste in China are put forward from exploring waste classification ideas,optimizing waste disposal methods,and improving waste management system.Other radioactive waste can be included in very low level waste,low level waste,and intermediate level waste.Study the feasibility of using other waste landfill disposal facilities to dispose other radioactive waste.The whole cycle management of other radioactive waste generation,transportation,disposal and monitoring shall be carried out by improving waste management system.

       

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