Abstract: With the construction and development of intelligent mines, the information transmission requirements of various underground subsystems are increasing, and the mine communication network based on industrial Ethernet faces problems such as complex topology, multi-network coexistence, and insufficient reliability, resulting in high construction and maintenance costs. PON is the mainstream optical fiber access technology in operator networks, with the advantages of simplified architecture and flexible deployment, and its application is expanding from home broadband to industrial fields, and will play an important role in the construction of communication networks in mines. By combing the underlying architecture of PON, including system composition, equipment function and transmission principle, and analyzing the specifications of the current 10G PON from the dimensions of spectroscopic ratio and transmission distance, the theoretical basis for mine application deployment is constructed. Aiming at the pain points of the current network, a mine F5G network application scheme based on 10G PON is designed: building a one-master-slave underground dual-link transmission system, and conducting real-time status monitoring to realize fault link switching and network function self-healing; using VLAN division and QoS management mechanism to logically isolate and uniformly carrying for different underground services, to avoid duplicate construction of networks in mines; introducing a two-way encrypted transmission mechanism, and strengthen the effective management of ONU to ensure the safety and reliability of underground data transmission; building a unified network management platform to achieve flexible service deployment, unified resource management, centralized fault monitoring, and real-time alarm reporting. Combined with the requirements of intelligent mine construction, the evolution direction of mine PON technology is proposed: smoothly upgrade 50G PON, using the existing ODN infrastructure for deployment, and achieving coexistence with 10G PON or other PON systems by selecting differentiated carrier wavelengths; building a deterministic network to control end-to-end latency in microseconds, delaying jitter at the nanosecond level, and reliability above 99.999 9% through network resource reservation and node time synchronization; carrying underground mobile services, building a unified “downhole-uphole” service transmission channel, meanwhile realizing high-precision positioning underground; realizing synaesthesia integration and network computing integration, improving network capabilities, streamlining network architecture, and strengthening network functions, providing an all-optical base for high-end mine intelligent construction.