Abstract: The piston is an important part of chain shotcrete machine and is also the key to safe, reliable and efficient production of chain shotcrete machine, so the research on the wear performance of piston is an important basis for improving its reliability and safety. In order to analyze the effect of temperature on the friction and wear performance of the piston and cylinder barrel, the friction and wear test of piston made of polyurethane and cylinder barrel are carried out to simulate the actual operation of the piston and cylinder barrel in shotcrete machine. The sealing between piston and cylinder barrel, the wear amount of piston and the surface wear morphology are analyzed and tested by pressure transmitter, electronic balance and Leica microscope, obtained the effect of different temperatures on the wear performance of the piston and to explore the wear mechanism. The test results show that the sealing performance between piston and cylinder barrel decreases with the increase of wear temperature, but the sealing performance increases when the temperature exceeds 40 ℃. As the temperature increases, the amount of wear gradually increases, and the width and depth of the wear marks on the piston surface gradually increase. That is, the higher the temperature, the more serious the wear, the greater the roughness of the worn surface, the more severe the wear of the piston surface morphology and the abnormal wear on the surface of the piston is gradually increasing. The effect of temperature on the wear behavior of piston is studied in order to provide experimental reference for the research of friction and wear of polyurethane piston under temperature change, and this research is of great significance to improve the reliability of chain shotcrete machine.