Abstract: The blasting technology of underground mine roadway excavation is an important part of mine construction and production. The selection and optimization of its parameters are of great significance to improve the efficiency of roadway excavation and reduce the cost. Based on a comprehensive review the existing literature, this paper combs the research on rock drilling and blasting mechanism in roadway excavation, including the two core contents of the propagation mechanism of blasting stress wave and the dynamic failure mechanism of rock. It is necessary to improve the research methods, expand the data sources, and strengthen the connection with practical applications. The research status of blast hole charge structure optimization, cutting parameter optimization and initiation network optimization in three main aspects of blasting parameter optimization is introduced. The specific criteria for the selection and optimization of blasting parameters under different conditions are not provided, which may pose certain difficulties in practical applications. Additionally, this paper also prospects the future research directions. The breakthrough of the basic theory of the coupling effect of blast energy release and rock crushing energy consumption will provide more accurate theoretical guidance for the parameter optimization of roadway excavation blasting. The application of intelligent technology throughout the entire process of roadway blasting excavation will be the future trend, which can realize the precise control and optimization of the blasting process. The establishment of multi-index intelligent optimization model of blasting parameters is crucial for improving the blasting efficiency. Taking multiple factors into consideration can achieve comprehensive parameter optimization and better blasting results.