余业清. 某石灰岩矿露天台阶爆破设计及安全分析[J]. 中国矿业,2024,33(9):186-194. DOI: 10.12075/j.issn.1004-4051.20230800
    引用本文: 余业清. 某石灰岩矿露天台阶爆破设计及安全分析[J]. 中国矿业,2024,33(9):186-194. DOI: 10.12075/j.issn.1004-4051.20230800
    YU Yeqing. Design and safety analysis of open-pit bench blasting for limestone mine[J]. China Mining Magazine,2024,33(9):186-194. DOI: 10.12075/j.issn.1004-4051.20230800
    Citation: YU Yeqing. Design and safety analysis of open-pit bench blasting for limestone mine[J]. China Mining Magazine,2024,33(9):186-194. DOI: 10.12075/j.issn.1004-4051.20230800

    某石灰岩矿露天台阶爆破设计及安全分析

    Design and safety analysis of open-pit bench blasting for limestone mine

    • 摘要: 为了提高石灰岩矿开采效率,确保爆破安全,以四川省某石灰岩矿为研究背景,基于理论分析和现场经验,确定了台阶爆破方案,并对台阶爆破孔网参数进行了设计。同时,以爆破振动、爆破飞石、爆破冲击波和爆破噪音的安全允许距离为指标,对爆破效果进行了分析评价。研究结果表明:对于120 mm的炮孔,爆破振动安全允许距离为30.0 m;爆破冲击波安全允许距离约为193 m,爆破噪音安全允许距离约为196.9 m。相比于齐发起爆,毫秒延时起爆可以有效减少爆破飞石的产生,为防止某些炮孔由于与其临近炮孔之间的延时时间差过大而导致飞石加剧,并考虑到岩石的挤压破碎效果,计算确定40 ms作为各炮孔间的延期时间。此外,预裂爆破可大幅降低爆破振动对露天矿边坡的危害。设计了预裂爆破方案及参数,预裂孔起爆时间早于主爆孔150 ms起爆。爆破台阶自由面法向应背离公路和民房方向,或者与公路和村庄走向平行,能够有效保护附近构筑物;非爆破开采应该滞后于爆破开采,为爆破开采提供安全遮挡。研究成果为台阶爆破设计与施工提供一定指导。

       

      Abstract: In order to improve the mining efficiency and ensure the blasting safety of limestone mine, the bench blasting scheme and its parameters of hole network are designed based on theoretical analysis and field experience, taking a limestone mine in Sichuan Province as the research background. At the same time, the blasting effect is analysed and evaluated by the safety allowable distance of blasting vibration, blasting flying stone, blasting shock wave and blasting noise. The research results show that the safety allowable distance of blasting vibration is 30.0 m for 120 mm blasthole. The safety allowable distance of blasting shock wave is about 193 m, and the safety allowable distance of blasting noise is about 196.9 m. Compared with simultaneous initiation, millisecond delayed initiation can effectively reduce the generation of blasting flying stones. In order to avoid flying stone due to too large of delay time, as well as crack of rock, the delay time is calculated and determined as 40 ms between with each blasthole. In addition, presplitting blasting can greatly reduce the damage of blasting vibration to the slope of open-pit mine. The scheme and parameters of presplitting blasting are designed, the presplitting holes are initiated before the main holes for 150 ms. The normal direction of the free surface of the blasting bench should deviate from the direction of the road and the house, or parallel to the direction of the road and the village, which can effectively protect the nearby structures. Non-blasting mining should lag behind blasting mining to provide safe shelter for blasting mining. The research results provide some guidance for the design and construction of bench blasting.

       

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