Abstract: Fuxin Mining Area is a typical open-pit coal mining area in Northeast China, and the spatial and temporal distribution of its surface temperature directly affects the heat island effect in Fuxin City. In this paper, nine Landsat remote sensing images between 2001 and 2022 are used to invert the surface temperature and analyze the changes of the heat island effect in the main built-up area of Fuxin City over the last two decades. The results show that the thermal environment in the main built-up area of Fuxin City is obviously affected by the coal mine development process. Spatially, the thermal environment in the main built-up area of Fuxin City is slightly alleviated, and the area of medium and high temperatures tends to concentrate locally from dispersion state, but the strongest heat island effect is always concentrated in the built-up area and the coal mine open-pit mining site. Temporally, the thermal environment in Fuxin City is overally stable, but the heat island effect in the open-pit coal mining area of Haizhou is significantly reduced after 2018, which is in line with the reality of the construction of the geological park of the Haizhou Open-Pit Mines. The results of this paper provide a scientific basis for the environmental management and ecological restoration of the Fuxin Mining Area, and also provide a useful reference for the transformation and industrial adjustment of mining-oriented cities.