Abstract: In order to solve the problem that the description and expression means of content of ammonium nitrogen in soil of tailings pond are single, which leads to the unclear expression of spatial differences. Taking a tailing pond in Qian’an City as the research area, the content of ammonium nitrogen in soil at three layers of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm is collected and analyzed. The spatial autocorrelation and spatial aggregation degree of ammonium nitrogen in soil are analyzed by Moran’s I, and the spatial distribution characteristics are described. The variation trend of content of ammonium nitrogen in soil in two dimensions is analyzed by Standard Deviation Ellipse. A 3D spatial model of ammonium nitrogen in soil is constructed by using 3D Empirical Bayesian Kriging interpolation, and a 2D visualization of ammonium nitrogen in the vertical direction is performed by model cutting and equivalent body construction. The results show that the content of ammonium nitrogen in soil of tailings pond has significant spatial positive correlation and spatial agglomeration at different soil depths. With the increase of soil depth, the direction of the change of content of ammonium nitrogen in southwest to northeast is more obvious. 2D and 3D interpolation show that the spatial distribution of content of ammonium nitrogen in soil in the study area is significantly different in both horizontal and vertical directions, and the construction of equivalent bodies effectively describes the 3D spatial fine distribution law of content of ammonium nitrogen in soil tailings pond. The paper is expected to provide theoretical support and reference for the research of 3D spatial distribution of soil properties, soil remediation and ecological sustainable development.