Abstract: The “red striped stone” and “inca rose” that appear in the market are both commercial names, and their mineralogical names are rhodochrosite. The large particle size, higher transparency, and brilliant ones with uniform color can be called gem quatity rhodochrosite. There are many differences between rhodochrosite and its imitations when distinguishing. Gemstones with similar colors can be distinguished based on their physical, chemical, and spectroscopic characteristics. The quality evaluation and collection of gem quality rhodochrosite can be considered from the aspects of color, luster and transparency, clarity and weight. During maintenance, attention should be paid to scratches, high temperature and acid corrosion.