Abstract: Brazil is rich in mineral resources, iron ore, bauxite, niobium-tantalite, tin, manganese and other superior minerals, with huge development potential, and highly complementary with mineral resources demand pattern of China , which is of great significance for resource security of China. The overall level of geological exploration in Brazil ranks first among resource countries in Latin America, and the mining investment exploration in 2023 reached a historical high, of which foreign investment accounted for more than half. Chinese enterprises have accelerated the pace of cooperation with Brazil’s mining industry in recent years. The country has a high degree of exploitation and utilization of mineral resources, and the annual output of superior mineral resources ranks in the forefront of the world. Under the impetus of multiple forces within and outside the region, opportunities and challenges coexist in Brazil’s mining investment environment, and the political mutual trust between China and Brazil continues to rise, the RMB settlement is broken, and the mining policy is relatively stable, presenting opportunities in the investment environment. The poor financial environment, the deepening of strategic mineral resource strategy, and the localization process of the industrial chain is intensifying, and the emergence of participation in international mineral alliance make mining investment face certain challenges. It is suggested to fully enjoy the dividends of political mutual trust between China and Pakistan and deepen strategic cooperation in mining industry. Make full use of the opportunity of policy stability to lay out the strategic mineral investment in short supply in China. Strengthen the awareness of risk control, avoid multi-dimensional risks to carry out mining investment prudently. Taking advantage of the situation to export China’s superior production capacity, to cope with the intensification of the localization process of the mining industry chain.