Abstract: The auxiliary haulage drift in Xin’an Coal Mine is affected by fault structures, resulting in fragmented geological layers and poor structural stability. The surrounding rock in the roadway experiences significant deformation, leading to severe damage to support structures and exhibiting pronounced characteristics of structural deformation. Despite repeated widening and repair attempts, the deformation persists. In order to ensure the stability of the surrounding rock in the roadway, reduce support costs, and minimize detrimental deformation and repair workload, a study is conducted on the stress-deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock and the effectiveness of support anchoring. This study focused on the −800 m return airway of Xin’an Coal Mine in Tai’an City, Shandong Province, using traditional conventional long and short anchor cables with steel strap support, as well as different lengths of top anchor cables under large deformation uplift resistance anchor cable support. Various research methods are employed, including on-site exploration, laboratory mechanical testing of roadway rock mass, and numerical simulation using UDEC. The study analyzes the on-site failure characteristics of structurally deformed roadways, the compressive, tensile, and shear strength of rocks in the auxiliary haulage drift, the stress field distribution using UDEC, and the development characteristics of the plastic zone of roadway. While ensuring safe production in the roadway, the study aims to reduce support costs and determine the optimal support scheme. It also applies control technology for large deformation shear resistance and utilizes large deformation shear resistance anchor cable devices for on-site engineering, optimizing construction processes and greatly simplifying installation procedures during the construction of large deformation shear resistance devices. The research findings have significant practical value for controlling structural deformation in deep roadway engineering and provide valuable reference for support in mines with similar geological conditions.