Abstract: As one of the strategic mineral resources facing shortage in China, chromium ore plays an important role in supporting the development of emerging industries and ensuring the security of national resources. In order to clarify the evolution characteristics and competitive advantages of the trade pattern of chromium ore in global, this paper selects the global chromium ore trade data from 2009 to 2023, applies complex network method to building a directional-weighted trade network. The paper analyzes the evolution characteristics of chromium ore trade network, identifies core trading countries and their roles in the trade network. And the competitive advantage and evolution trend of typical member countries are quantitatively analyzed according to the industrial concentration index and oligopoly index. The results show that the trade network of chromium ore in global is trending towards diversification, the complexity is increasing, the network has high connectivity, the transmission efficiency has been improved, and it is tending to diversified. A few countries control the trade of chromium ore in global, and countries with high node degree occupy a core position in the trade network. South Africa, Germany, the Netherlands, and China are always in the core position of the trade network, while Italy, Turkey, India, France, Pakistan and other countries are at the secondary core. Chromium ore products belong to the high-concentrated oligopoly type. As time goes by, the C8 oligopoly countries have more obvious competitive advantages in chromium ore, and the degree of monopoly is increasing. Countries in the list of C8 oligopoly countries have little change in general. In addition, according to the research results, the relevant policy recommendations are put forward to provide a basis for analyzing the global chromium ore trade pattern and potential risks.