Abstract: Mineral resources are the material basis of national economic and social development. The high-quality development in the new era has put forward new and higher requirements for the improvement of China’s mineral resources guarantee capacity. Mineral resources security is an important field in the national security system in the new era. Mineral resources reserve is an important way to ensure the mineral resources security. Establishing a sound mechanism for mineral resources reserve is of great significance for stabilizing the mineral resources market and maintaining national security. This paper summarizes and sorts out the current domestic and foreign mineral resources reserve models, analyzes the background and existing problems of mineral resources reserve, based on the requirements of the management system and mechanism for natural resource assets owned by the whole people and deepening the reform of mineral resources management. Combining the responsibilities of owners of natural resource assets owned by the whole nation, this paper proposes three mineral resources reserve models that strategic reserve, regulatory reserve, and turnover reserve, supplementing a single national strategic mineral resources reserve, taking mineral resources reserve of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region as an example. Regarding the requirements and procedures for “Net Mine” transfer, this paper explores the procedures for regulating reserve and turnover reserve. Suggestions for optimizing the mineral resources reserve mechanism are put forward from the aspects of formulating management measures, constructing a multi-level system, and expanding funding channels for mineral resources reserve.