Abstract: Big data and AI will be new driving forces for high-quality social development and ecological civilization construction in the new era. Applying big data technology and AI to the monitoring and prevention of water pollution, attaching great importance to the use of big data, making full use of the Internet, the Internet of Things, video surveillance, AI image recognition, satellite remote sensing, UAV and other advanced technologies and means from the aspects of data production collection, storage, management, sharing, services and big data analysis and decision-making, breaking the “information island”, form data linkage, providing scientific support for water pollution monitoring and prevention and water resources and environmental protection through big data analysis and AI decision-making, to help China’s ecological civilization construction in the new era.