Abstract: Ensuring the resilient supply of key mineral resources and their supply chains is crucial for China’s economic prosperity and national security. The supply of key mineral resources faces multiple risks, primarily from supply shortages, price increases, and the conflict between mineral resource exploitation and environmental protection. To address these risks, the following strategies are recommended. Cultivating independent technological innovation capabilities to reduce foreign dependencies. Comprehensively enhancing strengths in exploration, mining, ore processing. Intermediate product manufacturing to establish a complete industry chain; strengthening international cooperation with resource-rich countries and regions to ensure stable supply. Increasing efforts in mining talent development to provide talent assurance for sustainable development.