Abstract: Coal bed methane as an unconventional clean energy is an important starting point to achieve the goal of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”, taking coal bed methane reservoir of Donggou Coal Mine as an example. and the physical characteristics of reservoirs and the influencing factors of coal bed methane occurrence in Donggou Coal Mine are analyzed in detail by means of on-site monitoring, tests and numerical simulation. The results show that the distribution of CH₄ content in coal bed methane in Donggou Coal Mine generally show a gradual increase trend from south to north and from shallow to deep, and the organic matter component in the coal is dominated by the inert group （48.1%）, followed by the vitrinite group （43.0%）. The reason for the low gas content of Donggou Coal Mine is that the permeability of the coal reservoir is high, the reservoir pressure is low, the firmness coefficient is soft, the initial speed of release is slow, and the sealing of the roof and bottom plate is poor. The existence of the burn area will effectively plug the occurrence of coal bed methane, and the migration of groundwater flow field can also play a good role in hydraulic plugging of coal bed methane enrichment, but the coal bed methane content in Donggou Coal Mine is low due to the geological structure does not form high points or folds and other accumulation conditions. The research results can enrich the theoretical system of coal bed methane occurrence and lay a foundation for the safe and efficient exploitation of coal associated resources in China.