Abstract: In recent years, China has continued to deepen the reform of the oil and gas mineral resources system and implement a more stringent withdrawal mechanism for exploration rights, and the mineral rights of oil and gas companies are facing severe challenges. In-depth policy research and active exploration of innovative measures for oil and gas mineral rights management under the background of new policies are of great significance to the high-quality sustainable development of oil companies. Based on the exploration and practice of mineral rights management, this paper puts forward three methods: strengthening the classification and grading evaluation of resource zoning, optimizing the exploration strategy at different levels, coordinating the integration of exploration-reserves-mineral rights, promoting the maximization of mineral rights interests, using the new policy of mineral rights, and optimizing the plan for reducing the expiration of mineral rights. Four suggestions are put forward for the mineral rights management system, such as increasing the investment of the mineral rights market, supporting the corresponding incentive policies of the recommended blocks, expanding the scope of the transfer of the oil and gas resources agreement, and expanding the scope of the “same basin” boundary. It is suggested that in the process of practice, the management system of mineral rights should be continuously optimized and improved, and a more scientific and reasonable policy supply should be constructed to better promote the development of domestic oil and gas business and ensure national energy security.