Abstract: By analyzing the distribution of phosphate ore reserves and the layout of the phosphate chemical industry in China under the background of the “dual carbon” economy, this paper investigates the global and Chinese phosphate ore consumption structure, the supply and demand situation of phosphate ore, and combines the influence and impact of the “dual carbon” economy on phosphate ore resource security. The new challenges faced by China’s phosphate ore resource security are analyzed, and it is proposed to increase the export restrictions on phosphate ore, increase the comprehensive development and utilization of phosphate ore and co-（associated） mineral resources, increase the stable growth of phosphate ore exploration investment, strengthen supervision of phosphate ore enterprises, increase the construction of green mines, improve the comprehensive utilization rate of phosphogypsum, strictly restrict the access of phosphate chemical enterprises, promote low-carbon and green development of the phosphate chemical industry, improve the energy efficiency level of the industry, upgrade the phosphorus chemical industry chain. Ten countermeasures are proposed to ensure the security of phosphate ore resources in China’s response to the “dual carbon” economic background.